PRESIDENTS OF INDONESIA

#	President		Took office	Left office	Party	Vice President
1		Sukarno	18 August 1945	12 March 1967 [1]	Non-Partisan	Mohammad Hatta
						vacant 1956–1973
2		Suharto	12 March 1967	21 May 1998	Golkar
						Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX
						Adam Malik
						Umar Wirahadikusumah
						Sudharmono
						Try Sutrisno
						Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie
3		Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie	21 May 1998	20 October 1999	Golkar	vacant
4		Abdurrahman Wahid	20 October 1999	23 July 2001	National Awakening Party	Megawati Sukarnoputri
5		Megawati Sukarnoputri	23 July 2001	20 October 2004	Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle	Hamzah Haz
6		Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono	20 October 2004	Incumbent	Democratic Party	Jusuf Kalla
						Boediono

-JEMUEL

PRESIDENTS OF CHINA

№	Portrait	Presidents	NPC	Term of office		Vice Presidents
1		Mao Zedong 毛泽东 (1893–1976) Beijing At-large	CP	1 October 1949 (acting)	27 September 1954	Zhu De Liu Shaoqi Song Qingling Zhang Lan Li Jishen Gao Gang
			1	27 September 1954	27 April 1959	Zhu De
2		Liu Shaoqi 刘少奇 (1898–1969) Beijing At-large	2	27 April 1959	21 December 1964	Song Qingling Dong Biwu
			3	21 December 1964	31 October 1968 (ousted)
—		Song Qingling 宋庆龄 (1893–1981) Shanghai At-large Dong Biwu 董必武 (1886-1975) Hubei At-large	3 (cont)	31 October 1968 (acting)	24 February 1972 (resigned) 17 January 1975	vacant
*		as NPCSC Chairman Zhu De 朱德 (1886–1976) Sichuan At-large	4	17 January 1975	6 July 1976 (died in office)	vacant
*		as NPCSC Chairwoman Song Qingling 宋庆龄 (1893–1981) Shanghai At-large	4 (cont)	6 July 1976	5 March 1978	vacant
*		as NPCSC Chairman Ye Jianying 叶剑英 (1897–1986) PLA At-large	5	5 March 1978	16 May 1981	vacant
—		as Honorary President Song Qingling 宋庆龄 (1893–1981) Shanghai At-large	5 (cont)	16 May 1981	28 May 1981	vacant
*		as NPCSC Chairman Ye Jianying 叶剑英 (1897–1986) PLA At-large	5 (cont)	28 May 1981	18 June 1983	vacant
3		Li Xiannian 李先念 (1909–1992) Hubei At-large	6	18 June 1983	8 April 1988	Ulanhu
4		Yang Shangkun 杨尚昆 (1907-1998) Sichuan At-large	7	8 April 1988	27 March 1993	Wang Zhen
5		Jiang Zemin 江泽民 (1926-) Shanghai At-large	8	27 March 1993	15 March 1998	Rong Yiren
			9	15 March 1998	23 March 2003	Hu Jintao
6		Hu Jintao 胡锦涛 (1942-) Tibet At-large (03-08) Zhejiang At-large (08-)	10	23 March 2003	15 March 2008	Zeng Qinghong
			11	15 March 2008	Incumbent (term expires 2013)	Xi Jinping

-JOLO

PRESIDENTS OF DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

#	Picture	Name	Began office	Left office	Title(s)
1		Pedro Santana	13 November 1844	4 August 1848	President
		Council of Secretaries of State	4 August 1848	8 September 1848	Council of Secretaries of State Members: Félix Mercenario Domingo de la Rocha José María Caminero Manuel Jimenes
2		Manuel Jiménes	8 September 1848	29 May 1849	President
3		Buenaventura Báez	29 May 1849	15 February 1853	President
4		Pedro Santana	15 February 1853	26 May 1856	President
5		Manuel de Regla Mota	26 May 1856	8 October 1856	President
6		Buenaventura Báez	8 October 1856	13 June 1858	President
7		José Desiderio Valverde	13 June 1858	28 July 1858	President
8		Pedro Santana	28 July 1858	18 March 1861	President
From 1861 until 1865, Dominican Republic was annexed by Spain.
9		Pedro Antonio Pimentel	25 March 1865	4 August 1865	President
		José María Cabral	4 August 1865	15 November 1865	Supreme Chief
		Pedro Guillermo	15 November 1865	8 December 1865	President of the Provisional Government Junta
10		Buenaventura Báez	8 December 1865	29 May 1866	President
		Triumvirate	29 May 1866	22 August 1866	Members: Pedro Antonio Pimentel Gregorio Luperón Federico de Jesús García
11		José María Cabral	22 August 1866	3 January 1868	President
12		Manuel Altagracia Cáceres	3 January 1868	13 February 1868	President
		Junta of Generals	13 February 1868	2 May 1868	Members: José Antonio Hungría Francisco Antonio Gómez Báez José Ramón Luciano y Franco
13		Buenaventura Báez	2 May 1868	2 January 1874	President
		Ignacio María González	2 January 1874	22 January 1874	Supreme Chief
		Generals-in-Chief	22 January 1874	6 April 1874	Members: Ignacio María González Manuel Altagracia Cáceres
14		Ignacio María González	6 April 1874	23 February 1876	President
		Council of Secretaries of State	23 February 1876	29 April 1876	Council of Secretaries of State Members: Pedro Tomás Garrido José de Jesús de Castro Pedro Pablo de Bonilla Juan Bautista Zafra Pablo López Villanueva Jacinto Peynado
15		Ulises Francisco Espaillat	29 April 1876	5 October 1876	President
		Superior Governing Junta	5 October 1876	11 November 1876	Members: Pablo López Villanueva José Caminero Matías Juan Esteban Ariza Matos Fidel Rodríguez Urdaneta José de Jesús Eduardo de Castro Álvarez Juan Bautista Zafra y Miranda Pedro Tomás Garrido Matos
		Ignacio María González	11 November 1876	9 December 1876	Supreme Chief
		Marcos Antonio Cabral	9 December 1876	26 December 1876	President of the Provisional Government Junta
16		Buenaventura Báez	26 December 1876	2 March 1878	President
		Council of Secretaries of State	2 March 1878	5 March 1878	Council of Secretaries of State Members: José María Cabral Joaquín Montolío
17		Cesareo Guillermo	5 March 1878	6 July 1878	President
18		Ignacio María González	6 July 1878	2 September 1878	President
		People's Military Chiefs	2 September 1878	6 September 1878	People's Military Chiefs Members: Ulises Heureaux Cesáreo Guillermo
		Jacinto de Castro	7 September 1878	29 September 1878	Acting President
		Council of Secretaries of State	30 September 1878	27 February 1879	Council of Secretaries of State Members: Cesáreo Guillermo Alejandro Angulo Guridi Pedro Ramón Aristy
19		Cesáreo Guillermo	27 February 1879	6 December 1879	President
20		Gregorio Luperón	6 December 1879	1 September 1880	President
21		Fernando Arturo de Meriño	1 September 1880	1 September 1882	President
22		Ulises Heureaux	1 September 1882	1 September 1884	President
23		Francisco Gregorio Billini	1 September 1884	16 May 1885	President
24		Alejandro Woss y Gil	16 May 1885	6 January 1887	President
25		Ulises Heureaux	6 January 1887	27 February 1889	President
		Manuel María Gautier	27 February 1889	30 April 1889	Acting President
26		Ulises Heureaux	30 April 1889	26 July 1899	President
27		Juan Wanceslao Figuereo	26 July 1899	30 August 1899	President
		Council of Secretaries of State	30 August 1899	31 August 1899	Council of Secretaries of State Members: Tomás Demetrio Morales Arístides Patiño Enrique Henríquez y Alfau Jaime R. Vidal Braulio Álvarez
		People's Revolutionary Governing Junta	31 August 1899	4 September 1899	Council of Secretaries of State Members: Mariano Cestero Álvaro Logroño Arístides Patiño Pedro María Mejía
		Horacio Vásquez	4 September 1899	15 November 1899	President of the Provisional Government Junta
28		Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra	15 November 1899	2 May 1902	President
		Horacio Vásquez	2 May 1902	23 April 1903	President of the Provisional Government Junta
29		Alejandro Woss y Gil	23 April 1903	24 November 1903	President
30		Carlos Felipe Morales	24 November 1903	12 January 1906	President
		Council of Secretaries of State	25 December 1905	29 December 1905	Council of Secretaries of State (acting for Morales) Members: Manuel Lamarche García Emiliano Tejera Andrés Julio Montolío Francisco Leonte Vásquez Lajara Carlos Ginebra Eladio Victoria Federico Velásquez y Hernández
31		Ramón Cáceres	12 January 1906	19 November 1911	President
		Council of Secretaries of State	19 November 1911	5 December 1911	Council of Secretaries of State Members: Miguel Antonio Román José María Cabral Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha Federico Velásquez y Hernández Manuel Lamarche García Emilio Tejera Rafael Díaz
32		Eladio Victoria	5 December 1911	30 November 1912	President
		Adolfo Alejandro Nouel	30 November 1912	13 April 1913	Provisional President
		José Bordas Valdés	14 April 1913	27 August 1914	Provisional President
		Ramón Báez	28 August 1914	5 December 1914	Provisional President
33		Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra	5 December 1914	7 May 1916	President
		Council of Secretaries of State	7 May 1916	31 July 1916	Council of Secretaries of State Members: Jaime Mota Bernardo Pichardo José Manuel Jimenes Federico Velásquez y Hernández
34		Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal	31 July 1916	29 November 1916	President
From 1916 until 1924, Dominican Republic was occupied by the United States.
		Juan Bautista Vicini Burgos	21 October 1922	12 July 1924	Provisional President Note: Served under the United States occupation
35		Horacio Vásquez	12 July 1924	3 March 1930	President
		Rafael Estrella Ureña	3 March 1930	16 August 1930	Acting President
36		Rafael Trujillo	16 August 1930	16 August 1938	President
37		Jacinto Peynado	16 August 1938	24 February 1940	President
38		Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha	24 February 1940	18 May 1942	President
39		Rafael Trujillo	18 May 1942	16 August 1960 (Assassinated)	President
40		Héctor Trujillo	16 August 1952	3 August 1960	President
41		Joaquín Balaguer	3 August 1960	16 January 1962	President
		Civic-Military Council	16 January 1962	18 January 1962	Civic-Military Council Members: Armando Óscar Pacheco Luis Amiama Tió Antonio Imbert Barrera Enrique Valdez Vidaurre Wilfredo Medina Natalio Huberto Bogaert
42		Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly	18 January 1962	27 February 1963	President
43		Juan Bosch	27 February 1963	25 September 1963	President
		Víctor Elby Viñas Román	25 September 1963	26 September 1963	Chairman of the Provisional Junta
		Triumvirate	26 September 1963	25 April 1965	Members: Emilio de los Santos y Salcié (to 22 December 1963) (Chairman) Donald Reid Cabral (from 29 December 1963) (Chairman) Manuel Enrique Tavares Espaillat Ramón Tapia Espinal
		Revolutionary Committee	25 April 1965	25 April 1965	Members: Vinicio Fernández Pérez Giovanni Gutiérrez Ramírez Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó Eladio Ramírez Sánchez Pedro Bartolomé Benoit
		José Rafael Molina Ureña	25 April 1965	27 April 1965	Provisional President
		Pedro Bartolomé Benoit	1 May 1965	7 May 1965	Provisional President Note: Served under the United States occupation
44		Antonio Imbert Barrera	7 May 1965	30 August 1965	President Note: Served under the United States occupation
		Héctor García Godoy	3 September 1965	1 July 1966	Provisional President Note: Served under the United States occupation
45		Joaquín Balaguer	1 July 1966	16 August 1978	President
46		Antonio Guzmán Fernández	16 August 1978	4 July 1982	President
47		Jacobo Majluta Azar	4 July 1982	16 August 1982	President
48		Salvador Jorge Blanco	16 August 1982	16 August 1986	President
49		Joaquín Balaguer	16 August 1986	16 August 1996	President
50		Leonel Fernández	16 August 1996	16 August 2000	President
51		Hipólito Mejía	16 August 2000	16 August 2004	President
52		Leonel Fernández	16 August 2004	16 August 2008	President

-NINO


PRESIDENTS OF ARGENTINA

#	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office — Political party		Notes	Refs
3		Justo José de Urquiza (1801–1870)	5 March 1854	5 March 1860	Elected by the electoral college. President of the Argentine Confederation. The reincoporation of Buenos Aires Province was negotiated after the 1859 Battle of Cepeda.	[29]
			Federal
4		Santiago Derqui (1809–1867)	5 March 1860	4 November 1861	Indirect elections. On October 18, 1860, a Constitutional reform is adopted, proclaiming the Argentine Republic. Resigned after the national government lost the Battle of Pavón to Buenos Aires Province.	[30]
			Federal
5		Juan Esteban Pedernera (1796–1886)	4 November 1861	12 December 1861	Vice-president under Derqui, assumed the presidency after his resignation. Resigned on the dissolution of the national government.	[30]
6		Bartolomé Mitre (1821–1906)	12 December 1861	12 October 1862	Governor of Buenos Aires Province. Acting President, confirmed by the national Congress on May 1862[31]	[32]
			12 October 1862	12 October 1868	Indirect elections. First president of the unified country. Waged the War of the Triple Alliance.
			Liberal
7		Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1811–1888)	12 October 1868	12 October 1874	Indirect elections. Ended the War of the Triple Alliance.	[32]
			Liberal
8		Nicolás Avellaneda (1837–1885)	12 October 1874	12 October 1880	Indirect elections. Federalization of Buenos Aires City in September 1880.	[32]
			PN
9		Julio Argentino Roca (1843–1914)	12 October 1880	12 October 1886	Indirect elections. First term.	[33]
			PAN
10		Miguel Juárez Celman (1844–1909)	12 October 1886	6 August 1890	Indirect elections. Resigned following the Revolution of the Park.	[34]
			PAN – PN
11		Carlos Pellegrini (1846–1906)	6 August 1890	12 October 1892	Vice-president under Juárez Celman, assumed the presidency after his resignation.	[34]
			PAN
12		Luis Sáenz Peña (1822–1907)	12 October 1892	22 January 1895	Indirect elections. Resigned.	[35]
			PAN
13		José Evaristo Uriburu (1831–1914)	22 January 1895	12 October 1898	Vice-president under Sáenz Peña, assumed the presidency after his resignation.	[35]
			PAN
14		Julio Argentino Roca (1843–1914)	12 October 1898	12 October 1904	Indirect elections. Second term.	[36]
			PAN
15		Manuel Quintana (1835–1906)	12 October 1904	25 January 1906	Indirect elections. Resigned for health reasons, died two months later.	[37]
			PAN
16		José Figueroa Alcorta (1860–1931)	25 January 1906	12 October 1910	Vice-president under Quintana, assumed the presidency after his resignation.	[37]
			PAN
17		Roque Sáenz Peña (1851–1914)	12 October 1910	9 August 1914	Indirect elections. Promoted the Sáenz Peña law, which allowed secret, universal and mandatory suffrage. Died in office.	[38]
			PAN – Mod
18		Victorino de la Plaza (1840–1919)	9 August 1914	12 October 1916	Vice-president under Sáenz Peña, assumed the presidency after his death.	[38]
			PAN
19		Hipólito Yrigoyen (1852–1933)	12 October 1916	12 October 1922	Free indirect elections. First president elected under the Sáenz Peña law. First term. Maintained neutrality during World War I.	[39]
			UCR
20		Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear (1868–1942)	12 October 1922	12 October 1928	Free indirect elections.	[39]
			UCR
21		Hipólito Yrigoyen (1852–1933)	12 October 1928	6 September 1930	Free indirect elections. Second term, ousted from office by a civico-military coup.	[40]
			UCR
22		José Félix Uriburu (1868–1932)	6 September 1930	20 February 1932	First coup d'etat in modern Argentine history. Beginning of the Infamous Decade.	[41]
			Military
23		Agustín Pedro Justo (1876–1943)	20 February 1932	20 February 1938	Indirect elections held with fraud, the UCR was proscribed.[5]	[42]
			Concordancia
24		Roberto María Ortiz (1886–1942)	20 February 1938	27 June 1942	Indirect elections held with fraud.[6] Died in office.	[6]
			UCR-A – Concordancia
25		Ramón Castillo (1873–1944)	27 June 1942	4 June 1943	Vice-president under Ortiz, assumed the presidency after his death. Deposed in a coup d'état. End of the Infamous Decade.	[6]
			PDN – Concordancia
26		Arturo Rawson (1885–1952)	4 June 1943	7 June 1943	Coup d'etat. Beginning of the Revolution of '43. Ousted from office.[43]	[6]
			Military
27		Pedro Pablo Ramírez (1884–1962)	7 June 1943	9 March 1944	Coup d'etat. Ousted from office.	[6]
			Military
28		Edelmiro Julián Farrell (1887–1980)	11 March 1944	4 June 1946	Coup d'etat. Declared war to the Axis powers. Called elections. End of the Revolution of '43.	[6]
			Military
29		Juan Domingo Perón (1895–1974)	4 June 1946	4 June 1952	Free indirect elections. First term. Reelection enabled by the Constitution of 1949.	[44]
			Labour
			4 June 1952	20 September 1955	Free direct elections. Second term. First election to allow women's suffrage. Victory with 62,49% of votes, highest victory in Argentine elections. Ousted from office.
			PJ
30		Eduardo Lonardi (1896–1956)	23 September 1955	13 November 1955	Coup d'etat. Beginning of the Revolución Libertadora. The 1853 Constitution is restored and the 1949 Constitution is repealed. Ousted from office.	[45]
			Military
31		Pedro Eugenio Aramburu (1903–1970)	13 November 1955	1 May 1958	Coup d'etat. Call for elections with Peronism proscribed. End of the Revolución Libertadora.	[45]
			Military
32		Arturo Frondizi (1908–1995)	1 May 1958	29 March 1962	Indirect elections with Peronism proscribed. Ousted from office by a military coup.	[46]
			UCRI
33		José María Guido (1910–1975)	29 March 1962	12 October 1963	Provisional President of the Senate, acting as president since the removal of Frondizi, as the civil procedures to replace the deposed president were followed and Vice President Alejandro Gómez had resigned in 1958.[47]	[46]
			UCRI
34		Arturo Umberto Illia (1900–1983)	12 October 1963	28 June 1966	Indirect elections with Peronism proscribed. Ousted from office by a military coup.	[48]
			UCRP
35		Juan Carlos Onganía (1914–1995)	29 June 1966	8 June 1970	Coup d'etat. First ruler of the Revolución Argentina. Ousted from office.	[48]
			Military
36		Roberto M. Levingston (born 1920)	8 June 1970	23 May 1971	Coup d'etat. Ousted from office.	[48]
			Military
37		Alejandro A. Lanusse (1918–1996)	26 May 1971	25 May 1973	Coup d'etat. Last ruler of the Revolución Argentina. Called for elections. Peronism proscription lifted.	[48]
			Military
38		Héctor José Cámpora (1909–1980)	25 May 1973	13 July 1973	Free direct elections. First Peronist president after the proscription. Cámpora annulled the proscription that remained specifically over Juan Perón, and resigned. The Vice President, Vicente Solano Lima, resigned with him.	[49]
			FJL
39		Raúl Alberto Lastiri (1915–1978)	13 July 1973	12 October 1973	Interim. President of the Chamber of Deputees, assumed the presidency after Cámpora's and Solano Lima's resignations. Alejandro Díaz Bialet, President of the Chamber of Senators and ahead of Lastiri in the succession line, was on a diplomatic mission in Africa at that time.[50]	[49]
			FJL
40		Juan Domingo Perón (1895–1974)	12 October 1973	30 June 1974	Free direct elections. Third term. Died in office.	[49]
			FJL – PJ
41		Isabel Martínez de Perón (born 1931)	30 June 1974	24 March 1976	Vice-president of Juan Perón, assumed the presidency after his death. First female president in the Americas. Ousted from office by a military coup. Ítalo Argentino Lúder served as acting President from 13 September 1975 until 16 October 1975.	[51]
			FJL – PJ
42		Jorge Rafael Videla (born 1925)	29 March 1976	29 March 1981	Coup d'etat. President of the Military Junta. First ruler of the National Reorganization Process. Longest government of a de facto ruler.	[52]
			Military
43		Roberto Eduardo Viola (1924–1994)	29 March 1981	12 December 1981	Appointed by Videla as President of the Military Junta. Ousted from office.	[52]
			Military
44		Leopoldo Galtieri (1926–2003)	22 December 1981	17 June 1982	Coup d'etat. President of the Military Junta. Waged the Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra del Atlántico Sur). Ousted from office.	[52]
			Military
45		Reynaldo Bignone (born 1928)	1 July 1982	10 December 1983	Coup d'etat. Last ruler of the National Reorganization Process. Called for elections.	[52]
			Military
46		Raúl Alfonsín (1927–2009)	10 December 1983	8 July 1989	Free indirect elections. The 1989 presidential elections were anticipated. Alfonsín resigned during the transition and gave power to Carlos Menem six months in advance.	[53]
			UCR
47		Carlos Menem (born 1930)	8 July 1989	8 July 1995	Free indirect elections. First term. The 1994 amendment of the Argentine Constitution reduced the presidential term to four years and allowed a single consecutive reelection.	[54]
			8 July 1995	10 December 1999	Free direct elections. Second term.
			PJ
48		Fernando de la Rúa (born 1937)	10 December 1999	20 December 2001	Free direct elections. Faced a severe economic crisis. Resigned after the December 2001 riots. His Vice-president Carlos Álvarez had resigned in October 2000, so the Congress Assembled designated a new President.	[55]
			UCR – Alianza
49		Adolfo Rodríguez Saá (born 1947)	22 December 2001	30 December 2001	Elected by the Assembly for three months, with instructions to call for elections. Resigned.	[56]
			PJ
50		Eduardo Duhalde (born 1941)	2 January 2002	25 May 2003	Elected by the Assembly, with instructions to complete De la Rúa's term. Called early elections for 27 April 2003, and resigned.	[56]
			PJ
51		Néstor Kirchner (1950–2010)	25 May 2003	10 December 2007	Free direct elections. The law that allowed Duhalde to resign gave the new president both the four-year mandate and the remaining months of De la Rúa's term. Kirchner lost the first round to Carlos Menem, but the latter forfeited the second round that should have followed.	[57]
			FPV – PJ
52		Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (born 1953)	10 December 2007	Incumbent	Free direct elections. Incumbent. First female president of Argentina elected as head of the list.	[58]

-DARIUS




 PRESIDENTS OF JAPAN

The Tokyo Academy: January 1879 - June 1906

	FUKUZAWA, Yukichi	Jan. 1879 - June 1879
	NISHI, Amane	June 1879 - Dec. 1880
	KATO, Hiroyuki	Dec. 1880 - June 1882
	NISHI, Amane	June 1882 - June 1886
	KATO, Hiroyuki	June 1886 - Dec. 1895
	HOSOKAWA, Junjiro	Dec. 1895 - Dec. 1897
	KATO, Hiroyuki	Dec. 1897 - June 1906

The Imperial Academy: June 1906 - December 1947

	KATO, Hiroyuki	July 1906 - June 1909
	KIKUCHI, Dairoku	July 1909 - Aug. 1917
	HOZUMI, Nobushige	Oct. 1917 - Oct. 1925
	OKANO, Keijiro	Nov. 1925 - Dec. 1925
	SAKURAI, Joji	Feb. 1926 - Jan. 1939

The Japan Academy: December 1947 -

	NAGAOKA, Hantaro	March 1939 - June 1948
	YAMADA, Saburo	June 1948 - Nov. 1961
	SHIBATA, Yuji	Jan. 1962 - Nov. 1970
	NAMBARA, Shigeru	Nov. 1970 - May 1974
	WADATI, Kiyoo	Oct. 1974 - Oct. 1980
	ARISAWA, Hiromi	Oct. 1980 - Oct. 1986
	KUROKAWA, Toshio	Dec. 1986 - Feb. 1988
	WAKIMURA, Yoshitaro	April 1988 - April 1994
	FUJITA, Yoshio	April 1994 - April 2000
	ICHIKO, Teiji	April 2000 - Oct. 2001
	NAGAKURA, Saburo	Oct. 2001 – Oct. 2007
	KUBO, Masaaki	Oct. 2007-

-JEFF